Bullet

ABSTRACT

A bullet, which has a bullet nose, a receipt cavity located in the bullet nose and open towards the base of the bullet nose, and a piercing pin at least partially inserted into the receipt cavity of the bullet nose, where the piercing pin has a nose part and a body part forming a continuation of it, and the bullet nose and the piercing pin are connected to each other, where the head part of the bullet nose has a conical shell shaped covering surface with an apex angle of 80-100°, while the inner end of the receipt cavity towards the head part of the bullet nose has a concave conical shell shaped delimiting surface with an apex angle of 45-100° viewed from the receipt cavity.

The object of the invention relates to a bullet, which has a bullet nose, a receipt cavity located in the bullet nose and open towards the base of the bullet nose, and a piercing pin at least partially inserted into the receipt cavity of the bullet nose, where the piercing pin has a nose part and a body part forming a continuation of it, and the bullet nose and the piercing pin are connected to each other.

Since the appearance of firearms, in parallel with their development, numerous types of bullet have been elaborated that differ in terms of structure and geometrical shape. Starting from the initial spherically shaped bullets, spindle-shaped and then pointed torpedo-shaped bullets have been used.

Bullets are known of that contain two cores made of different materials. An example of this is shown by European patent specification registration number E 010.503, in which the one core is located behind the other. Additionally European patent specification registration number E 007.387 relates to a small calibre bullet that has greater penetration and target accuracy, which has a softer metal shell containing a hard core and a hollow shell core made from a softer material secured together with it.

Publication document number WO 2016/032370 discloses a bullet the core of which has a unique shell form in the interest of increasing speed and greater target accuracy.

Also patent specification registration number HU 224.568 presents a bullet capable of controlled deformation and, in this way, that remains in the target. The essence of it is that a cavity is formed in the first part of the bullet body, in which a uniquely shaped deforming rod is secured in such a way that the head of the deforming rod rests on the edge of the cavity of the bullet body, but the part of the deforming rod that extends into the cavity partially leaves the cavity of the bullet body free.

The deficiency of the known solutions is that although they satisfy single important requirements of a bullet, such as target accuracy, greater depth of penetration, greater bullet speed, or the prevention of lead leaching, they do not meet the requirements overall.

Our objective with the solution according to the invention was to overcome the deficiencies of the known bullets and to create a version that, while retaining surface and depth fragmentation exerting an appropriate destructive effect, it makes it possible for at least a part of the core to penetrate to a large depth in the target, or even, in a given case, to pass through the target while the target accuracy may also be greatly improved, and leaching of the lead alloy may also be avoided.

The basis of the idea behind the invention was the conclusion drawn from experience that the known bullets were “rear-heavy”, i.e. the mass of the nose part was smaller than the mass of the rear part, therefore when travelling through the air the core of the bullet was unable to travel along the ideal trajectory due to the effect of air resistance, in this way the target accuracy and the depth of penetration were less than that desired.

On the basis of the above the recognition that led to the solution according to the invention was that if the nose part of the bullet is established in a shape differing from those known of, and if the core is assembled from unconventionally, newly shaped, segmented and arranged structural elements, then a “nose-heavy” bullet may be created the air resistance of which and its flight characteristics following discharge are preferable, as a consequence of which, after discharge, it is capable of travelling towards the target on a more regular trajectory and with lower air resistance, thereby it loses less energy until impact, and accordingly it reaches the target with greater accuracy, where it exerts a greater destructive effect, both n the surface of the target and in its depth, furthermore, in spite of the great core speed lead leaching may be avoided, and so the task may be solved.

In accordance with the set objective, the bullet according to the invention,—which has a bullet nose, a receipt cavity located in the bullet nose and open towards the base of the bullet nose, and a piercing pin at least partially inserted into the receipt cavity of the bullet nose, where the piercing pin has a nose part and a body part forming a continuation of it, and the bullet nose and the piercing pin are connected to each other,—is set up in such a way that the head part of the bullet nose has a conical shell shaped covering surface with an apex angle of 80-100°, while the inner end of the receipt cavity towards the head part of the bullet nose has a concave conical shell shaped delimiting surface with an apex angle of 45-100° viewed from the receipt cavity, where at least one slot is formed in the delimiting surface in the direction of the covering surface of the head part of the bullet nose and falling in the main plane passing through the main axis of the bullet nose, furthermore the nose part of the piercing pin facing the head part of the bullet nose is provided with a conical shell shaped nose surface with an apex angle of 30-60°, while the body part of the piercing pin formed as a continuation of the nose part has a side shell on at least a part of it with a cross-section reducing evenly from the head part of the bullet nose, and a connection space between the part of the receipt cavity of the bullet nose in the vicinity of the base of the bullet nose and the body part of the piercing pin as a continuation of the nose part is at least partially filled with a unifying material securing the bullet nose and the piercing pin together, and the bullet nose and the piercing pin are connected to each other using the unifying material.

A further feature of the bullet according to the invention may be that a seat coaxial with the main axis of the bullet nose is recessed into the apex of the conical shell shaped delimiting surface forming the inner end of the receipt cavity of the bullet nose.

In the case of another version of the bullet the piercing pin is provided with a weight-holding recess opening to its rear end, and a mass-increasing member of a density greater than the density of the piercing pin is securely positioned in at least a part of the mass-increasing recess. The introduction opening of the weight-holding recess of the piercing pin at least partially filled with the mass-increasing member located towards the rear end of the piercing pin is sealed with a sealing plug.

In the case of yet another different embodiment of the invention the nose part of the piercing pin is provided with a reinforcing shield. Optionally, the nose part of the piercing pin is hardened using heat treatment.

In the case of another different embodiment of the bullet the covering surface of the head part of the bullet nose is at least partly covered with a spherical shell-piece shaped cutting element, where a gap is formed in at least a section between the internal side of the cutting element and the covering surface of the head part of the bullet nose, and at least one breach facilitating fragmentation of the cutting element falling in the plane passing through the main axis of the bullet nose is in the material of the cutting element. Optionally, an opening facilitating fragmentation of the cutting body coaxial with the main axis of the bullet nose is formed in the material of the cutting element.

In the case of a further embodiment of the invention it is supplemented with a capsule connected to the bullet nose and at least partially covering the rear end of the piercing pin, where the capsule has a protective shell made of metal provided with longitudinal slits, a filling insert located inside the protective shell and a pressure plate inserted between the lower plate of the protective shell and the rear end of the piercing pin.

From the point of view of the bullet it may be preferable if the unifying material and/or the mass-increasing member is a high-density material, e.g. a lead alloy.

In the case of yet another different version of the invention a casing groove for connecting the casing of the bullet is formed at the end of the head part towards the capsule.

Essentially then the invention relates to a bullet that is formed into a nose-heavy water droplet shape. Therefore, in a way different to that known of it has a hemispherical, or in the case of small calibre bullets, an approximately 90° conical nose in its “reverse” discharge nose part, and a thinning tail in the rear part of the bullet, with that a piercing pin held by a lead alloy is secured in the nose of the bullet falling into two parts in the interest of ensuring that it is shot through the target.

As a consequence of this the bullet according to the invention has numerous preferable characteristics. The most important of these is that as a result of its unique structure the bullet is able to strike the target with greater energy, and so its surface and depth fragmenting effect is of a much greater magnitude than the known versions of a similar calibre. In addition it is much more probable for at least a part of the core to pass through the target.

A further advantage due the increase in the penetrability is that in the case of use for hunting purposes, as the piercing pin of the core also creates an outgoing wound, the blood loss of the game animal will be much greater, which, on the one part, may result in a faster and more humane kill, and, on the other part, the intensive blood trail will make finding the game animal and bagging it easier.

Another advantage is that the core has no lead leaching, which in the case of use in hunting may lead to more economical use of the game meat.

Further details of the invention will be explained by way of exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts a side view of a possible version of the bullet according to the invention in partial cross-section,

FIG. 2 shows a view of FIG. 1 from the direction II in partial cross-section,

FIG. 3 depicts a side view of the piercing pin of the bullet according to the invention in half-section.

A version of the bullet 1 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 that has a fragmentation ability both on the surface and at a depth. It may be observed that the bullet 1 here comprises the bullet nose 10, the piercing pin 20, the cutting element 70 and the capsule 90, as important components.

The cutting element 70 responsible for surface fragmentation is secured to the head part 12 so as to cover the covering surface 12 a of the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10. A gap 80 is located between the internal surface 71 of the cutting element 70 and the covering surface 12 a of the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10. The cutting element 70 is spherical shell-piece shaped, and, as it may be easily viewed in FIG. 2 , the bullet nose 10 has thin and long breaches 72 in planes S here at right angles to each other passing through the main axis 11 of the bullet nose 10, and an opening 73 with a circular cross-section coaxial with the main axis 11. These four breaches 72 and the opening 73 together, and the gap 80 between the internal side 71 of the cutting element 70 and the covering surface 12 a of the head part 12 make it possible for the cutting element 70, in the case of this embodiment, to open apart into four fragments when the bullet 1 strikes the target, and exerts its destructive effect deformed in this way. In the interest of this the material of the cutting element 70 is a type of chrome steel, which has a thin shell-like form, and is secured to the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10 by pressing.

It must be mentioned here that the number of breaches 72 does not have to be four, it may be two or even more, but at least two breaches 72 and the opening 73 are necessary in order for the cutting element 70 to realise the surface fragmentation effect. It is important to highlight that the geometric form of the cutting element 70 significantly influences the aerodynamic properties of the bullet 1. Preferably the external side of the cutting element 70 is shaped similarly to a hemisphere.

The covering surface 12 a of the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10 is preferably shaped as a conical shell and its apex angle α is between 80-100°, in this case 90°. The receipt cavity 13 is made in the base 14 of the bullet nose 10 opposite the covering surface 12 a of the head part 12. The part of the receipt cavity 13 closer to the base 14 is in the shape of a cylindrical shell, while the section closer to the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10, its delimiting surface 13 b running towards the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10 forms a concave conical shell. The apex angle β of this concave conical shell shaped delimiting surface 13 b is between 45-100°, and 46° in this case.

It is well illustrated in FIG. 1 that the seat 12 b is formed in the head part 12 at the apex 13 c of the delimiting surface 13 b. The seat 12 b holds the nose part 21 of the piercing pin 20 in the appropriate position, and also facilitates that the bullet nose 10 becomes deformed, opens out at the appropriate time and to the sufficient extent. In addition to the seat 12 b the head part 12 also contains the slot 12 c.

As it may be seen in FIG. 2 the slot 12 c is a thin recess formed in the material of the head part 12 in the delimiting surface 13 b of the head part 12 falling in the main plane FS passing through the main axis 11 of the bullet nose 10. Naturally the number of slots 12 c may even be more than one. However, one slot 12 c is essential in order for the bullet nose 10 to split open after it suddenly slows down on striking the target due to the effect of the piercing pin 20 located in the receipt cavity 13 of the bullet nose 10 moving forwards in the direction of the covering surface 12 a of the head part 12, and realise dual or multiple depth fragmentation depending on the number of slots 12 c. With consideration to the requirements of the bullet nose 10 it is preferably made from a copper alloy.

The unifying material 30, e.g. lead alloy, encompassing the piercing pin 20 located in the receipt cavity 13 of the bullet nose 10 secures it in the receipt cavity 13. The unifying material 30 is located in the connection space 13 d of the receipt cavity 13 of the bullet nose 10 in the space part between the receipt cavity 13 of the bullet nose 10, the base 14 of the bullet nose 10 and the side shell 22 a of the body part 22 of the piercing pin 20.

The piercing pin 20 is made from a high-hardness metal alloy, which has a nose part 21 delimited by a conical shell shaped nose surface 21 a and a body part 22 covered with a side shell 22 a. The nose surface 21 a has an apex angle γ of between 30-60°, which in this case is 45°, while the side shell 22 a of the body part 22 preferably has an evenly reducing cross-section in the direction from the nose part 21 of the piercing pin 20 towards the rear end 23 of the piercing pin 20. Here the side shell 22 a has a truncated conical shell shape.

A weight-holding recess 24 is formed in the rear end 23 of the piercing pin 20. The task of this weight-holding recess 24 is to receive the mass-increasing member 40 made out of a high-density material, such as a lead alloy. In the interest of lead leaching not occurring even after the bullet 1 has struck the target, the introduction opening 25 of the weight-holding recess 24 of the piercing pin 20 is sealed with a sealing plug 50 after the mass-increasing member 40 has been filled. The sealing plug 50 does not contain lead alloy.

The piercing pin 20 may also be made with a structure in the case of which the nose surface 21 a of the nose part 21 of the piercing pin 20 is provided with an even harder reinforcing shield 60. FIG. 3 discloses such a version. Naturally it is also conceivable in this embodiment of the piercing pin 20 that a weight-holding recess 24 having an introduction opening 25 is formed in the rear end 23 of the body part 22 of the piercing pin 20. Naturally the nose part 21 of the piercing pin 20 may also be hardened with heat treatment, such as cementation.

Returning now to FIG. 1 , it also illustrates well that the bullet 1 may be provided with a capsule 90. The capsule 90 is positioned behind the base 14 of the bullet nose 10 of the bullet 1, and its task is to pass on the energy originating from the explosion of the propellant powder located in the casing 100 of the round of ammunition as efficiently as possible to the bullet 1. In the interest of this the cup-like capsule 90 consists of a protective shell 91 open towards the base 14 of the bullet nose 10, a lower plate 91 b sealing off the end of the protective shell 91 opposite to the base 14, and a hard metal pressure plate 93 located between the lower plate 91 b of the capsule 90 and the rear end 23 of the piercing pin 10, as well as filling insert 92 filling the space between the protective shell 91 of the capsule 90 and the side shell 22 a of the body part 22 of the piercing pin 20.

It must also be mentioned here that a casing groove 12 d is formed at the end of the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10 towards the capsule 90, which is a shaped form at least partially running around the head part 12. The free end of the casing 100 is crimped into this casing groove 12 d, and it is in this way that the casing 100 is connected to the bullet 1.

The protective shell 91 of the capsule 90 is provided with longitudinal slits 91 a in the interest of the protective shell 91 of the capsule 90 being able to open apart after the bullet 1 is discharged when there is no longer any need for the capsule 90 itself, and so that the bullet 1 may leave the capsule 90 already immediately after it leaves the muzzle of the firearm.

The protective shell 91 and the lower plate 91 b of the capsule 90 are made of a brass alloy, while the pressure plate 93 is preferably of chrome steel. The material of the filling insert 92 is plastic, which makes it possible for the body part 22 of the piercing pin 20 of the bullet 1 protruding from the receipt cavity 13 of the bullet nose 10 to suitably become embedded in the space part enclosed by the protective shell 91 of the capsule 90.

It must be noted here that in the case of the appropriate selection of dimensions the shape of the cutting element 70 of the bullet 1 without capsule 90, of the bullet nose 10 built together with it, and of the piercing pin 20 protruding from the bullet nose 10 may, with respect to its covering surface, is a droplet, the aerodynamic properties of which are much better that those of conventional bullets.

When assembling the bullet 1 according to the invention first of all the weight-holding recess 24 of the piercing pin 20 must be filled with the mass-increasing member 40, then after this the introduction opening 25 of the weight-holding recess 24 must be sealed with the sealing plug 50. Following this, or at the same time as this the suitably formed hemispherical cutting element 70 may be pressed onto the head part 12 of the bullet nose. Finally the piercing pin 20 filled with the mass-increasing member 40 may be inserted into the receipt cavity 13 of the bullet nose 10 provided with cutting elements 70, and using the post-hardening unifying material 30 filled into the connection space 13 d of the receipt cavity 13 the bullet nose 10 and the piercing pin 20 may be secured to each other. As the final operation of the assembly of the bullet 1, the capsule 90 may be fitted to the base 14 of the bullet nose 10 in such a way that the filling insert 92 of the capsule 90 accommodates the part of the body part 22 of the piercing pin 20 protruding from the receipt cavity 13 of the bullet nose 10.

Finally by securing the casing 100, only indicated with a dotted line along the external surface of the protective shell 91 of the capsule 90 in the figures, to the casing groove 12 d formed in the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10 of the bullet 1, the round of ammunition according to the invention may be produced.

During the use of the bullet 1 according to the invention, after the firearm is discharged, due to the effect of the chemical and physical processes taking place in the casing of the round of ammunition energy is released, which exerts thrust on the lower plate 91 b of the capsule 90 of the bullet 1. The lower plate 91 b of the capsule 90 transfers this thrust through the pressure plate 93 to the rear end 23 sealing the body part 22 of the piercing pin 20 of the bullet 1, which, after this, shoots the bullet 1 itself out of the barrel of the forearm.

The protective shell 91 provided with longitudinal slits 91 a of the bullet 1 leaving the firearm opens apart and so the capsule 90 breaks off the other part of the bullet 1. The essentially droplet-shaped set of cutting element 70—bullet nose 10—piercing pin 20 now rid of its capsule 90 travels along its own trajectory to reach the target. When the cutting element 70 of the bullet 1 strikes the target then as a consequence of the forces exerted on the cutting element 70, the cutting element 70 becomes deformed along the opening 73 and the breaches 72, opens apart and exerts a surface fragmentation effect on the surface of the target, damaging the target and forming “blood channels” on its surface.

As a consequence of the pointed covering surface 12 a of the head part 12 the bullet nose 10 separated from the cutting element 70 continues to progress through the target until it hits a harder material, e.g. bone. When the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10 hits a harder part of the target, them the bullet nose 10 itself slows down. But while slowing down the piercing pin 20 located in the receipt cavity 13 of the bullet nose 10, the mass of which is significantly greater than that of the hollow bullet nose 10 due to the mass-increasing member 40 located in the weight-holding recess 24, continues to travel in the direction of the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10. As a result of this movement the nose part 21 of the piercing pin 20 penetrates into the seat 12 b of the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10 and exerts force onto it so that it splits apart the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10 along the slot 12 c recessed in the delimiting surface 13 b of the receipt cavity 13 of the head part 12 thereby causing a multiple dual fragmentation effect deep in the target. Finally, the nose part 21 of the piercing pin 20 made of a hard material travelling forwards from the receipt cavity 13 of the bullet nose 10 through the head part 12 of the bullet nose 10 cuts a path for itself in the target and depending on its thickness in the direction of movement and its density it may even leave the target on the side opposite to the impact side. In the case it leaves the piercing pin 20 creates further blood channels on the outgoing side of the target, as a result of which the shot game animal bleeding intensively from several wounds may be found more easily and bagged.

When the bullet 1 reaches the target and following that lead leaching does not take place, because the lead alloy placed in the bullet 1 is sealed off from coming into contact with the material of the target.

The bullet according to the invention may be used to good effect in all cases when greater target accuracy, greater depth penetration and a multiple fragmentation effect are requirements even in the case of even denser materials, especially in the case of successfully killing species of game with especially thick skin or of a weight over 800 kg.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1 bullet 10 bullet nose 11 main axis 12 head part 12a covering surface 12b seat 12c slot 12d casing groove 13 receipt cavity 13a inner end 13b delimiting surface 13c apex 13d connection space 14 base 20 piercing pin 21 nose part 21a nose surface 22 body part 22a side shell 23 rear end 24 weight-holding recess 25 introduction opening 30 unifying material 40 mass-increasing member 50 sealing plug 60 reinforcing shield 70 cutting element 71 internal side 72 breach 73 opening 80 gap 90 capsule 91 protective shell 91a longitudinal slits 91b lower plate 92 filling insert 93 pressure plate 100 casing FS main plane S plane α apex angle (of head part 12) β apex angle (of receipt cavity 13) γ apex angle (of nose surface 21a) 

1. Bullet, which has a bullet nose (10), a receipt cavity (13) located in the bullet nose (10) and open towards the base (14) of the bullet nose (10), and a piercing pin (20) at least partially inserted into the receipt cavity (13) of the bullet nose (10), where the piercing pin (20) has a nose part (21) and a body part (22) forming a continuation of it, and the bullet nose (10) and the piercing pin (20) are connected to each other, characterised by that the bullet nose (10) has head part (12), and the head part (12) of the bullet nose (10) has a conical shell shaped covering surface (12 a) with an apex angle (α) of 80-100°, while inner end (13 a) of the receipt cavity (13) towards the head part (12) of the bullet nose (10) has a concave conical shell shaped delimiting surface (13 b) with an apex angle (β) of 45-100° viewed from the receipt cavity (13), where at least one slot (12 c) is formed in the delimiting surface (13 b) in the direction of the covering surface (12 a) of the head part (12) of the bullet nose (10) and falling in the main plane (FS) passing through the main axis (11) of the bullet nose (10), furthermore the nose part (21) of the piercing pin (20) facing the head part (12) of the bullet nose (10) is provided with a conical shell shaped nose surface (21 a) with an apex angle (γ) of 30-60°, while the body part (22) of the piercing pin (20) formed as a continuation of the nose part (21) has a side shell (22 a) on at least a part of it with a cross-section reducing evenly from the head part (12) of the bullet nose (10), and a connection space (13 d) between the part of the receipt cavity (13) of the bullet nose (10) in the vicinity of the base (14) of the bullet nose (10) and the body part (22) of the piercing pin (20) as a continuation of the nose part (21) is at least partially filled with a unifying material (30) securing the bullet nose (10) and the piercing pin (20) together, and the bullet nose (10) and the piercing pin (20) are connected to each other using the unifying material (30).
 2. Bullet according to claim 1, characterised by that a seat (12 b) coaxial with the main axis (11) of the bullet nose (10) is recessed into the apex (13 c) of the conical shell shaped delimiting surface (13 b) forming the inner end (13 a) of the receipt cavity (13) of the bullet nose (10).
 3. Bullet according to claim 1, characterised by that the piercing pin (20) is provided with a weight-holding recess (24) opening to its rear end (23), and a mass-increasing member (40) of a density greater than the density of the piercing pin (20) is securely positioned in at least a part of the weight-holding recess (24).
 4. Bullet according to claim 3, characterised by that the introduction opening (25) of the weight-holding recess (24) of the piercing pin (20) at least partially filled with the mass-increasing member (40) located towards the rear end (23) of the piercing pin (20) is sealed with a sealing plug (50).
 5. Bullet according to claim 1, characterised by that the nose part (21) of the piercing pin (20) is provided with a reinforcing shield (60).
 6. Bullet according to claim 1, characterised by that the nose part (21) of the piercing pin (20) is hardened using heat treatment.
 7. Bullet according to claim 1, characterised by that the covering surface (12 a) of the head part (12) of the bullet nose (10) is at least partly covered with a spherical shell-piece shaped cutting element (70), where a gap (80) is formed in at least a section between the internal side (71) of the cutting element (70) and the covering surface (12 a) of the head part (12) of the bullet nose (10), and at least one breach (72) facilitating fragmentation of the cutting element (70) falling in the plane (S) passing through the main axis (11) of the bullet nose (10) is in the material of the cutting element (70).
 8. Bullet according to claim 7, characterised by that an opening (73) facilitating fragmentation of the cutting body (70) coaxial with the main axis (11) of the bullet nose (10) is formed in the material of the cutting element (70).
 9. Bullet according to claim 1, characterised by that it is supplemented with a capsule (90) connected to the bullet nose (10) and at least partially covering the rear end (23) of the piercing pin (20), where the capsule (90) has a protective shell (91) made of metal provided with longitudinal slits (91 a), a filling insert (92) located inside the protective shell (91) and a pressure plate (93) inserted between lower plate (91 b) of the protective shell (91) and the rear end (23) of the piercing pin (20).
 10. Bullet according to claim 1, characterised by that the unifying material (30) is a high-density material, e.g. a lead alloy.
 11. Bullet according to claim 3, characterised by that the mass-increasing member (40) is a high-density material, e.g. a lead alloy.
 12. Bullet according to claim 1, characterised by that a casing groove (12 d) for connecting the casing (100) of the bullet (1) is formed at the end of the head part (12) towards the capsule (90). 